eval/testingPeerSampler.py

+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+from shutil import copy
+
+from localconfig import LocalConfig
+from torch import multiprocessing as mp
+
+from decentralizepy import utils
+from decentralizepy.graphs.Graph import Graph
+from decentralizepy.mappings.Linear import Linear
+from decentralizepy.node.DPSGDWithPeerSampler import DPSGDWithPeerSampler
+from decentralizepy.node.PeerSampler import PeerSampler
+
+
+def read_ini(file_path):
+    config = LocalConfig(file_path)
+    for section in config:
+        print("Section: ", section)
+        for key, value in config.items(section):
+            print((key, value))
+    print(dict(config.items("DATASET")))
+    return config
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    args = utils.get_args()
+
+    Path(args.log_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    log_level = {
+        "INFO": logging.INFO,
+        "DEBUG": logging.DEBUG,
+        "WARNING": logging.WARNING,
+        "ERROR": logging.ERROR,
+        "CRITICAL": logging.CRITICAL,
+    }
+
+    config = read_ini(args.config_file)
+    my_config = dict()
+    for section in config:
+        my_config[section] = dict(config.items(section))
+
+    copy(args.config_file, args.log_dir)
+    copy(args.graph_file, args.log_dir)
+    utils.write_args(args, args.log_dir)
+
+    g = Graph()
+    g.read_graph_from_file(args.graph_file, args.graph_type)
+    n_machines = args.machines
+    procs_per_machine = args.procs_per_machine
+    l = Linear(n_machines, procs_per_machine)
+    m_id = args.machine_id
+
+    sm = args.server_machine
+    sr = args.server_rank
+
+    processes = []
+    if sm == m_id:
+        processes.append(
+            mp.Process(
+                # target=PeerSamplerDynamic,
+                target=PeerSampler,
+                args=[
+                    sr,
+                    m_id,
+                    l,
+                    g,
+                    my_config,
+                    args.iterations,
+                    args.log_dir,
+                    log_level[args.log_level],
+                ],
+            )
+        )
+
+    for r in range(0, procs_per_machine):
+        processes.append(
+            mp.Process(
+                target=DPSGDWithPeerSampler,
+                args=[
+                    r,
+                    m_id,
+                    l,
+                    g,
+                    my_config,
+                    args.iterations,
+                    args.log_dir,
+                    args.weights_store_dir,
+                    log_level[args.log_level],
+                    args.test_after,
+                    args.train_evaluate_after,
+                    args.reset_optimizer,
+                ],
+            )
+        )
+
+    for p in processes:
+        p.start()
+
+    for p in processes:
+        p.join()

eval/testingPeerSamplerDynamic.py

+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+from shutil import copy
+
+from localconfig import LocalConfig
+from torch import multiprocessing as mp
+
+from decentralizepy import utils
+from decentralizepy.graphs.Graph import Graph
+from decentralizepy.mappings.Linear import Linear
+from decentralizepy.node.DPSGDWithPeerSampler import DPSGDWithPeerSampler
+from decentralizepy.node.PeerSamplerDynamic import PeerSamplerDynamic
+
+
+def read_ini(file_path):
+    config = LocalConfig(file_path)
+    for section in config:
+        print("Section: ", section)
+        for key, value in config.items(section):
+            print((key, value))
+    print(dict(config.items("DATASET")))
+    return config
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    args = utils.get_args()
+
+    Path(args.log_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    log_level = {
+        "INFO": logging.INFO,
+        "DEBUG": logging.DEBUG,
+        "WARNING": logging.WARNING,
+        "ERROR": logging.ERROR,
+        "CRITICAL": logging.CRITICAL,
+    }
+
+    config = read_ini(args.config_file)
+    my_config = dict()
+    for section in config:
+        my_config[section] = dict(config.items(section))
+
+    copy(args.config_file, args.log_dir)
+    copy(args.graph_file, args.log_dir)
+    utils.write_args(args, args.log_dir)
+
+    g = Graph()
+    g.read_graph_from_file(args.graph_file, args.graph_type)
+    n_machines = args.machines
+    procs_per_machine = args.procs_per_machine
+    l = Linear(n_machines, procs_per_machine)
+    m_id = args.machine_id
+
+    sm = args.server_machine
+    sr = args.server_rank
+
+    processes = []
+    if sm == m_id:
+        processes.append(
+            mp.Process(
+                target=PeerSamplerDynamic,
+                args=[
+                    sr,
+                    m_id,
+                    l,
+                    g,
+                    my_config,
+                    args.iterations,
+                    args.log_dir,
+                    log_level[args.log_level],
+                ],
+            )
+        )
+
+    for r in range(0, procs_per_machine):
+        processes.append(
+            mp.Process(
+                target=DPSGDWithPeerSampler,
+                args=[
+                    r,
+                    m_id,
+                    l,
+                    g,
+                    my_config,
+                    args.iterations,
+                    args.log_dir,
+                    args.weights_store_dir,
+                    log_level[args.log_level],
+                    args.test_after,
+                    args.train_evaluate_after,
+                    args.reset_optimizer,
+                ],
+            )
+        )
+
+    for p in processes:
+        p.start()
+
+    for p in processes:
+        p.join()

setup.cfg

@@ -45,13 +45,16 @@ install_requires =
         PyWavelets
         pandas
         crudini
+        sklearn
+        lz4
+        fpzip
 include_package_data = True
 python_requires = >=3.6
 [options.packages.find]
 where = src
 [options.extras_require]
 dev =
-        black
+        black>22.3.0
         coverage
         isort
         pytest

src/decentralizepy/communication/TCP.py

 import json
 import logging
-import lzma
 import pickle
 from collections import deque
 
@@ -36,11 +35,19 @@ class TCP(Communication):
 
         """
         machine_addr = self.ip_addrs[str(machine_id)]
-        port = rank + 20000
+        port = (2 * rank + 1) + self.offset
+        assert port > 0
         return "tcp://{}:{}".format(machine_addr, port)
 
     def __init__(
-        self, rank, machine_id, mapping, total_procs, addresses_filepath, compress=False
+        self,
+        rank,
+        machine_id,
+        mapping,
+        total_procs,
+        addresses_filepath,
+        offset=9000,
+        recv_timeout=50,
     ):
         """
         Constructor
@@ -57,6 +64,10 @@ class TCP(Communication):
             Total number of processes
         addresses_filepath : str
             JSON file with machine_id -> ip mapping
+        compression_package : str
+            Import path of a module that implements the compression.Compression.Compression class
+        compression_class : str
+            Name of the compression class inside the compression package
 
         """
         super().__init__(rank, machine_id, mapping, total_procs)
@@ -68,18 +79,22 @@ class TCP(Communication):
         self.rank = rank
         self.machine_id = machine_id
         self.mapping = mapping
+        self.offset = offset
+        self.recv_timeout = recv_timeout
         self.uid = mapping.get_uid(rank, machine_id)
         self.identity = str(self.uid).encode()
         self.context = zmq.Context()
         self.router = self.context.socket(zmq.ROUTER)
         self.router.setsockopt(zmq.IDENTITY, self.identity)
+        self.router.setsockopt(zmq.RCVTIMEO, self.recv_timeout)
+        self.router.setsockopt(zmq.ROUTER_MANDATORY, 1)
         self.router.bind(self.addr(rank, machine_id))
-        self.sent_disconnections = False
-        self.compress = compress
+
+        self.total_data = 0
+        self.total_meta = 0
 
         self.peer_deque = deque()
         self.peer_sockets = dict()
-        self.barrier = set()
 
     def __del__(self):
         """
@@ -103,12 +118,12 @@ class TCP(Communication):
             Encoded data
 
         """
-        if self.compress:
-            compressor = lzma.LZMACompressor()
-            output = compressor.compress(pickle.dumps(data)) + compressor.flush()
-        else:
-            output = pickle.dumps(data)
-
+        data_len = 0
+        if "params" in data:
+            data_len = len(pickle.dumps(data["params"]))
+        output = pickle.dumps(data)
+        self.total_meta += len(output) - data_len
+        self.total_data += data_len
         return output
 
     def decrypt(self, sender, data):
@@ -129,61 +144,37 @@ class TCP(Communication):
 
         """
         sender = int(sender.decode())
-        if self.compress:
-            data = pickle.loads(lzma.decompress(data))
-        else:
-            data = pickle.loads(data)
+        data = pickle.loads(data)
         return sender, data
 
-    def connect_neighbors(self, neighbors):
+    def init_connection(self, neighbor):
         """
-        Connects all neighbors. Sends HELLO. Waits for HELLO.
-        Caches any data received while waiting for HELLOs.
+        Initiates a socket to a given node.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-        neighbors : list(int)
-            List of neighbors
-
-        Raises
-        ------
-        RuntimeError
-            If received BYE while waiting for HELLO
+        neighbor : int
+            neighbor to connect to
 
         """
-        logging.info("Sending connection request to neighbors")
-        for uid in neighbors:
-            logging.debug("Connecting to my neighbour: {}".format(uid))
-            id = str(uid).encode()
-            req = self.context.socket(zmq.DEALER)
-            req.setsockopt(zmq.IDENTITY, self.identity)
-            req.connect(self.addr(*self.mapping.get_machine_and_rank(uid)))
-            self.peer_sockets[id] = req
-            req.send(HELLO)
-
-        num_neighbors = len(neighbors)
-        while len(self.barrier) < num_neighbors:
-            sender, recv = self.router.recv_multipart()
-
-            if recv == HELLO:
-                logging.debug("Received {} from {}".format(HELLO, sender))
-                self.barrier.add(sender)
-            elif recv == BYE:
-                logging.debug("Received {} from {}".format(BYE, sender))
-                raise RuntimeError(
-                    "A neighbour wants to disconnect before training started!"
-                )
-            else:
-                logging.debug(
-                    "Received message from {} @ connect_neighbors".format(sender)
-                )
-
-                self.peer_deque.append(self.decrypt(sender, recv))
-
-        logging.info("Connected to all neighbors")
-        self.initialized = True
-
-    def receive(self):
+        logging.debug("Connecting to my neighbour: {}".format(neighbor))
+        id = str(neighbor).encode()
+        req = self.context.socket(zmq.DEALER)
+        req.setsockopt(zmq.IDENTITY, self.identity)
+        req.connect(self.addr(*self.mapping.get_machine_and_rank(neighbor)))
+        self.peer_sockets[id] = req
+
+    def destroy_connection(self, neighbor, linger=None):
+        id = str(neighbor).encode()
+        if self.already_connected(neighbor):
+            self.peer_sockets[id].close(linger=linger)
+            del self.peer_sockets[id]
+
+    def already_connected(self, neighbor):
+        id = str(neighbor).encode()
+        return id in self.peer_sockets
+
+    def receive(self, block=True):
         """
         Returns ONE message received.
 
@@ -198,27 +189,21 @@ class TCP(Communication):
             If received HELLO
 
         """
-        assert self.initialized == True
-        if len(self.peer_deque) != 0:
-            resp = self.peer_deque.popleft()
-            return resp
-
-        sender, recv = self.router.recv_multipart()
-
-        if recv == HELLO:
-            logging.debug("Received {} from {}".format(HELLO, sender))
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                "A neighbour wants to connect when everyone is connected!"
-            )
-        elif recv == BYE:
-            logging.debug("Received {} from {}".format(BYE, sender))
-            self.barrier.remove(sender)
-            return self.receive()
-        else:
-            logging.debug("Received message from {}".format(sender))
-            return self.decrypt(sender, recv)
+        while True:
+            try:
+                sender, recv = self.router.recv_multipart()
+                s, r = self.decrypt(sender, recv)
+                return s, r
+            except zmq.ZMQError as exc:
+                if exc.errno == zmq.EAGAIN:
+                    if not block:
+                        return None
+                    else:
+                        continue
+                else:
+                    raise
 
-    def send(self, uid, data):
+    def send(self, uid, data, encrypt=True):
         """
         Send a message to a process.
 
@@ -230,35 +215,13 @@ class TCP(Communication):
             Message as a Python dictionary
 
         """
-        assert self.initialized == True
-        to_send = self.encrypt(data)
+        if encrypt:
+            to_send = self.encrypt(data)
+        else:
+            to_send = data
         data_size = len(to_send)
         self.total_bytes += data_size
         id = str(uid).encode()
         self.peer_sockets[id].send(to_send)
         logging.debug("{} sent the message to {}.".format(self.uid, uid))
-        logging.info("Sent this round: {}".format(data_size))
-
-    def disconnect_neighbors(self):
-        """
-        Disconnects all neighbors.
-
-        """
-        assert self.initialized == True
-        if not self.sent_disconnections:
-            logging.info("Disconnecting neighbors")
-            for sock in self.peer_sockets.values():
-                sock.send(BYE)
-            self.sent_disconnections = True
-            while len(self.barrier):
-                sender, recv = self.router.recv_multipart()
-                if recv == BYE:
-                    logging.debug("Received {} from {}".format(BYE, sender))
-                    self.barrier.remove(sender)
-                else:
-                    logging.critical(
-                        "Received unexpected {} from {}".format(recv, sender)
-                    )
-                    raise RuntimeError(
-                        "Received a message when expecting BYE from {}".format(sender)
-                    )
+        logging.info("Sent message size: {}".format(data_size))

src/decentralizepy/compression/Compression.py

+class Compression:
+    """
+    Compression API
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Constructor
+        """
+
+    def compress(self, arr):
+        """
+        compression function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arr : np.ndarray
+            Data to compress
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bytearray
+            encoded data as bytes
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def decompress(self, bytes):
+        """
+        decompression function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        bytes :bytearray
+            compressed data
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        arr : np.ndarray
+            decompressed data as array
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def compress_float(self, arr):
+        """
+        compression function for float arrays
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arr : np.ndarray
+            Data to compress
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bytearray
+            encoded data as bytes
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def decompress_float(self, bytes):
+        """
+        decompression function for compressed float arrays
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        bytes :bytearray
+            compressed data
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        arr : np.ndarray
+            decompressed data as array
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError

src/decentralizepy/compression/Elias.py

+# elias implementation: taken from this stack overflow post:
+# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62843156/python-fast-compression-of-large-amount-of-numbers-with-elias-gamma
+import numpy as np
+
+from decentralizepy.compression.Compression import Compression
+
+
+class Elias(Compression):
+    """
+    Compression API
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Constructor
+        """
+
+    def compress(self, arr):
+        """
+        compression function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arr : np.ndarray
+            Data to compress
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bytearray
+            encoded data as bytes
+
+        """
+        arr.sort()
+        first = arr[0]
+        arr = np.diff(arr).astype(np.int32)
+        arr = arr.view(f"u{arr.itemsize}")
+        l = np.log2(arr).astype("u1")
+        L = ((l << 1) + 1).cumsum()
+        out = np.zeros(int(L[-1] + 128), "u1")
+        for i in range(l.max() + 1):
+            out[L - i - 1] += (arr >> i) & 1
+
+        s = np.array([out.size], dtype=np.int64)
+        size = np.ndarray(8, dtype="u1", buffer=s.data)
+        packed = np.packbits(out)
+        packed[-8:] = size
+        s = np.array([first], dtype=np.int64)
+        size = np.ndarray(8, dtype="u1", buffer=s.data)
+        packed[-16:-8] = size
+        return packed
+
+    def decompress(self, bytes):
+        """
+        decompression function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        bytes :bytearray
+            compressed data
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        arr : np.ndarray
+            decompressed data as array
+
+        """
+        n_arr = bytes[-8:]
+        n = np.ndarray(1, dtype=np.int64, buffer=n_arr.data)[0]
+        first = bytes[-16:-8]
+        first = np.ndarray(1, dtype=np.int64, buffer=first.data)[0]
+        b = bytes[:-16]
+        b = np.unpackbits(b, count=n).view(bool)
+        s = b.nonzero()[0]
+        s = (s << 1).repeat(np.diff(s, prepend=-1))
+        s -= np.arange(-1, len(s) - 1)
+        s = s.tolist()  # list has faster __getitem__
+        ns = len(s)
+
+        def gen():
+            idx = 0
+            yield idx
+            while idx < ns:
+                idx = s[idx]
+                yield idx
+
+        offs = np.fromiter(gen(), int)
+        sz = np.diff(offs) >> 1
+        mx = sz.max() + 1
+        out_fin = np.zeros(offs.size, int)
+        out_fin[0] = first
+        out = out_fin[1:]
+        for i in range(mx):
+            out[b[offs[1:] - i - 1] & (sz >= i)] += 1 << i
+        out = np.cumsum(out_fin)
+        return out
+
+    def compress_float(self, arr):
+        """
+        compression function for float arrays
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arr : np.ndarray
+            Data to compress
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bytearray
+            encoded data as bytes
+
+        """
+        return arr
+
+    def decompress_float(self, bytes):
+        """
+        decompression function for compressed float arrays
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        bytes :bytearray
+            compressed data
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        arr : np.ndarray
+            decompressed data as array
+
+        """
+        return bytes

src/decentralizepy/compression/EliasFpzip.py

+# elias implementation: taken from this stack overflow post:
+# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62843156/python-fast-compression-of-large-amount-of-numbers-with-elias-gamma
+import fpzip
+
+from decentralizepy.compression.Elias import Elias
+
+
+class EliasFpzip(Elias):
+    """
+    Compression API
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Constructor
+        """
+
+    def compress_float(self, arr):
+        """
+        compression function for float arrays
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arr : np.ndarray
+            Data to compress
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bytearray
+            encoded data as bytes
+
+        """
+        return fpzip.compress(arr, precision=0, order="C")
+
+    def decompress_float(self, bytes):
+        """
+        decompression function for compressed float arrays
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        bytes :bytearray
+            compressed data
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        arr : np.ndarray
+            decompressed data as array
+
+        """
+        return fpzip.decompress(bytes, order="C").squeeze()

src/decentralizepy/compression/EliasFpzipLossy.py

+# elias implementation: taken from this stack overflow post:
+# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62843156/python-fast-compression-of-large-amount-of-numbers-with-elias-gamma
+import fpzip
+
+from decentralizepy.compression.Elias import Elias
+
+
+class EliasFpzipLossy(Elias):
+    """
+    Compression API
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Constructor
+        """
+
+    def compress_float(self, arr):
+        """
+        compression function for float arrays
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arr : np.ndarray
+            Data to compress
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bytearray
+            encoded data as bytes
+
+        """
+        return fpzip.compress(arr, precision=18, order="C")
+
+    def decompress_float(self, bytes):
+        """
+        decompression function for compressed float arrays
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        bytes :bytearray
+            compressed data
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        arr : np.ndarray
+            decompressed data as array
+
+        """
+        return fpzip.decompress(bytes, order="C").squeeze()

src/decentralizepy/compression/Lz4Wrapper.py

+import lz4.frame
+import numpy as np
+
+from decentralizepy.compression.Compression import Compression
+
+
+class Lz4Wrapper(Compression):
+    """
+    Compression API
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, compress_metadata=True, compress_data=False):
+        """
+        Constructor
+        """
+        self.compress_metadata = compress_metadata
+        self.compress_data = compress_data
+
+    def compress(self, arr):
+        """
+        compression function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arr : np.ndarray
+            Data to compress
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bytearray
+            encoded data as bytes
+
+        """
+        if self.compress_metadata:
+            arr.sort()
+            diff = np.diff(arr, prepend=0).astype(np.int32)
+            to_compress = diff.tobytes("C")
+            return lz4.frame.compress(to_compress)
+        return arr
+
+    def decompress(self, bytes):
+        """
+        decompression function
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        bytes :bytearray
+            compressed data
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        arr : np.ndarray
+            decompressed data as array
+
+        """
+        if self.compress_metadata:
+            decomp = lz4.frame.decompress(bytes)
+            return np.cumsum(np.frombuffer(decomp, dtype=np.int32))
+        return bytes
+
+    def compress_float(self, arr):
+        """
+        compression function for float arrays
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arr : np.ndarray
+            Data to compress
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        bytearray
+            encoded data as bytes
+
+        """
+        if self.compress_data:
+            to_compress = arr.tobytes("C")
+            return lz4.frame.compress(to_compress)
+        return arr
+
+    def decompress_float(self, bytes):
+        """
+        decompression function for compressed float arrays
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        bytes :bytearray
+            compressed data
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        arr : np.ndarray
+            decompressed data as array
+
+        """
+        if self.compress_data:
+            decomp = lz4.frame.decompress(bytes)
+            return np.frombuffer(decomp, dtype=np.float32)
+        return bytes

src/decentralizepy/datasets/CIFAR10.py

@@ -114,6 +114,8 @@ class CIFAR10(Dataset):
             test_batch_size,
         )
 
+        self.num_classes = NUM_CLASSES
+
         self.partition_niid = partition_niid
         self.shards = shards
         self.transform = transforms.Compose(

src/decentralizepy/datasets/Celeba.py

@@ -230,6 +230,8 @@ class Celeba(Dataset):
         self.IMAGES_DIR = utils.conditional_value(images_dir, "", None)
         assert self.IMAGES_DIR != None
 
+        self.num_classes = NUM_CLASSES
+
         if self.__training__:
             self.load_trainset()
 

src/decentralizepy/datasets/Dataset.py

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ class Dataset:
         self.test_dir = utils.conditional_value(test_dir, "", None)
         self.sizes = utils.conditional_value(sizes, "", None)
         self.test_batch_size = utils.conditional_value(test_batch_size, "", 64)
+        self.num_classes = None
         if self.sizes:
             if type(self.sizes) == str:
                 self.sizes = eval(self.sizes)
@@ -66,6 +67,20 @@ class Dataset:
         else:
             self.__testing__ = False
 
+        self.label_distribution = None
+
+    def get_label_distribution(self):
+        # Only supported for classification
+        if self.label_distribution == None:
+            self.label_distribution = [0 for _ in range(self.num_classes)]
+            tr_set = self.get_trainset()
+            for _, ys in tr_set:
+                for y in ys:
+                    y_val = y.item()
+                    self.label_distribution[y_val] += 1
+
+        return self.label_distribution
+
     def get_trainset(self):
         """
         Function to get the training set

src/decentralizepy/datasets/Femnist.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from decentralizepy.datasets.Dataset import Dataset
 from decentralizepy.datasets.Partitioner import DataPartitioner
 from decentralizepy.mappings.Mapping import Mapping
 from decentralizepy.models.Model import Model
+from decentralizepy.models.Resnet import BasicBlock, Bottleneck, conv1x1
 
 NUM_CLASSES = 62
 IMAGE_SIZE = (28, 28)
@@ -222,6 +223,8 @@ class Femnist(Dataset):
             test_batch_size,
         )
 
+        self.num_classes = NUM_CLASSES
+
         if self.__training__:
             self.load_trainset()
 
@@ -290,7 +293,10 @@ class Femnist(Dataset):
         """
         if self.__training__:
             return DataLoader(
-                Data(self.train_x, self.train_y), batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=shuffle
+                Data(self.train_x, self.train_y),
+                batch_size=batch_size,
+                shuffle=shuffle,
+                drop_last=True,  # needed for resnet
             )
         raise RuntimeError("Training set not initialized!")
 
@@ -448,3 +454,139 @@ class CNN(Model):
         x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
         x = self.fc2(x)
         return x
+
+
+class RNET(Model):
+    """
+    From PyTorch:
+    Class for a Resnet Model for FEMNIST
+    Copied and modified from https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/75024e228ca441290b6a1c2e564300ad507d7af6/benchmarks/functional_autograd_benchmark/torchvision_models.py
+    For the license see models/Resnet.py
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        num_classes=NUM_CLASSES,
+        zero_init_residual=False,
+        groups=1,
+        width_per_group=32,
+        replace_stride_with_dilation=None,
+        norm_layer=None,
+    ):
+        super(RNET, self).__init__()
+        block = BasicBlock
+        layers = [2, 2, 2, 2]
+        if norm_layer is None:
+            norm_layer = nn.BatchNorm2d
+        self._norm_layer = norm_layer
+
+        self.inplanes = 32
+        self.dilation = 1
+        if replace_stride_with_dilation is None:
+            # each element in the tuple indicates if we should replace
+            # the 2x2 stride with a dilated convolution instead
+            replace_stride_with_dilation = [False, False, False]
+        if len(replace_stride_with_dilation) != 3:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "replace_stride_with_dilation should be None "
+                "or a 3-element tuple, got {}".format(replace_stride_with_dilation)
+            )
+        self.groups = groups
+        self.base_width = width_per_group
+        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(
+            1, self.inplanes, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3, bias=False
+        )
+        self.bn1 = norm_layer(self.inplanes)
+        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
+        self.maxpool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)
+        self.layer1 = self._make_layer(block, 32, layers[0])
+        self.layer2 = self._make_layer(
+            block, 64, layers[1], stride=2, dilate=replace_stride_with_dilation[0]
+        )
+        self.layer3 = self._make_layer(
+            block, 128, layers[2], stride=2, dilate=replace_stride_with_dilation[1]
+        )
+        self.layer4 = self._make_layer(
+            block, 256, layers[3], stride=2, dilate=replace_stride_with_dilation[2]
+        )
+        self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))
+        self.fc = nn.Linear(256 * block.expansion, num_classes)
+
+        for m in self.modules():
+            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
+                nn.init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode="fan_out", nonlinearity="relu")
+            elif isinstance(m, (nn.BatchNorm2d, nn.GroupNorm)):
+                nn.init.constant_(m.weight, 1)
+                nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
+
+        # Zero-initialize the last BN in each residual branch,
+        # so that the residual branch starts with zeros, and each residual block behaves like an identity.
+        # This improves the model by 0.2~0.3% according to https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.02677
+        if zero_init_residual:
+            for m in self.modules():
+                if isinstance(m, Bottleneck):
+                    nn.init.constant_(m.bn3.weight, 0)
+                elif isinstance(m, BasicBlock):
+                    nn.init.constant_(m.bn2.weight, 0)
+
+    def _make_layer(self, block, planes, blocks, stride=1, dilate=False):
+        norm_layer = self._norm_layer
+        downsample = None
+        previous_dilation = self.dilation
+        if dilate:
+            self.dilation *= stride
+            stride = 1
+        if stride != 1 or self.inplanes != planes * block.expansion:
+            downsample = nn.Sequential(
+                conv1x1(self.inplanes, planes * block.expansion, stride),
+                norm_layer(planes * block.expansion),
+            )
+
+        layers = []
+        layers.append(
+            block(
+                self.inplanes,
+                planes,
+                stride,
+                downsample,
+                self.groups,
+                self.base_width,
+                previous_dilation,
+                norm_layer,
+            )
+        )
+        self.inplanes = planes * block.expansion
+        for _ in range(1, blocks):
+            layers.append(
+                block(
+                    self.inplanes,
+                    planes,
+                    groups=self.groups,
+                    base_width=self.base_width,
+                    dilation=self.dilation,
+                    norm_layer=norm_layer,
+                )
+            )
+
+        return nn.Sequential(*layers)
+
+    def _forward_impl(self, x):
+        # See note [TorchScript super()]
+        x = self.conv1(x)
+        x = self.bn1(x)
+        x = self.relu(x)
+        x = self.maxpool(x)
+
+        x = self.layer1(x)
+        x = self.layer2(x)
+        x = self.layer3(x)
+        x = self.layer4(x)
+
+        x = self.avgpool(x)
+        x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
+        x = self.fc(x)
+
+        return x
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        return self._forward_impl(x)

src/decentralizepy/datasets/MovieLens.py

+import logging
+import math
+import os
+import zipfile
+
+import pandas as pd
+import requests
+import torch
+from sklearn import metrics
+from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
+
+from decentralizepy.datasets.Data import Data
+from decentralizepy.datasets.Dataset import Dataset
+from decentralizepy.mappings import Mapping
+from decentralizepy.models.Model import Model
+
+
+class MovieLens(Dataset):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        rank: int,
+        machine_id: int,
+        mapping: Mapping,
+        train_dir="",
+        test_dir="",
+        sizes="",
+        test_batch_size=1,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            rank, machine_id, mapping, train_dir, test_dir, sizes, test_batch_size
+        )
+        self.n_users, self.n_items, df_train, df_test = self._load_data()
+        self.train_data, self.test_data = self._split_data(
+            df_train, df_test, self.n_procs
+        )
+
+        # [0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0]
+        # [0,   1,   2,   3,   4,   5,   6,   7,   8,   9  ]
+        self.NUM_CLASSES = 10
+        self.RATING_DICT = {
+            0.5: 0,
+            1.0: 1,
+            1.5: 2,
+            2.0: 3,
+            2.5: 4,
+            3.0: 5,
+            3.5: 6,
+            4.0: 7,
+            4.5: 8,
+            5.0: 9,
+        }
+
+    def _load_data(self):
+        f_ratings = os.path.join(self.train_dir, "ml-latest-small", "ratings.csv")
+        names = ["user_id", "item_id", "rating", "timestamp"]
+        df_ratings = pd.read_csv(f_ratings, sep=",", names=names, skiprows=1).drop(
+            columns=["timestamp"]
+        )
+        # map item_id properly
+        items_count = df_ratings["item_id"].nunique()
+        items_ids = sorted(list(df_ratings["item_id"].unique()))
+        assert items_count == len(items_ids)
+        for i in range(0, items_count):
+            df_ratings.loc[df_ratings["item_id"] == items_ids[i], "item_id"] = i + 1
+
+        # split train, test - 70% : 30%
+        grouped_users = df_ratings.groupby(["user_id"])
+        users_count = len(grouped_users)
+        df_train = pd.DataFrame()
+        df_test = pd.DataFrame()
+        for i in range(0, users_count):
+            df_user = df_ratings[df_ratings["user_id"] == i + 1]
+            df_user_train = df_user.sample(frac=0.7)
+            df_user_test = pd.concat([df_user, df_user_train]).drop_duplicates(
+                keep=False
+            )
+            assert len(df_user_train) + len(df_user_test) == len(df_user)
+
+            df_train = pd.concat([df_train, df_user_train])
+            df_test = pd.concat([df_test, df_user_test])
+
+        # 610, 9724
+        return users_count, items_count, df_train, df_test
+
+    def _split_data(self, train_data, test_data, world_size):
+        # SPLITTING BY USERS: group by users and split the data accordingly
+        mod = self.n_users % world_size
+        users_count = self.n_users // world_size
+        if self.rank < mod:
+            users_count += 1
+            offset = users_count * self.rank
+        else:
+            offset = users_count * self.rank + mod
+
+        my_train_data = pd.DataFrame()
+        my_test_data = pd.DataFrame()
+        for i in range(offset, offset + users_count):
+            my_train_data = pd.concat(
+                [my_train_data, train_data[train_data["user_id"] == i + 1]]
+            )
+            my_test_data = pd.concat(
+                [my_test_data, test_data[test_data["user_id"] == i + 1]]
+            )
+
+        logging.info("Data split for test and train.")
+        return my_train_data, my_test_data
+
+    def get_trainset(self, batch_size=1, shuffle=False):
+        if self.__training__:
+            train_x = self.train_data[["user_id", "item_id"]].to_numpy()
+            train_y = self.train_data.rating.values.astype("float32")
+            return DataLoader(
+                Data(train_x, train_y), batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=shuffle
+            )
+        raise RuntimeError("Training set not initialized!")
+
+    def get_testset(self):
+        if self.__testing__:
+            test_x = self.test_data[["user_id", "item_id"]].to_numpy()
+            test_y = self.test_data.rating.values
+            return DataLoader(Data(test_x, test_y), batch_size=self.test_batch_size)
+        raise RuntimeError("Test set not initialized!")
+
+    def test(self, model, loss):
+        test_set = self.get_testset()
+        logging.debug("Test Loader instantiated.")
+
+        correct_pred = [0 for _ in range(self.NUM_CLASSES)]
+        total_pred = [0 for _ in range(self.NUM_CLASSES)]
+        total_correct = 0
+        total_predicted = 0
+
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            loss_val = 0.0
+            loss_predicted = 0.0
+            count = 0
+
+            for test_x, test_y in test_set:
+                output = model(test_x)
+                loss_val += loss(output, test_y).item()
+                count += 1
+
+                # threshold values to range [0.5, 5.0]
+                o1 = (output > 5.0).nonzero(as_tuple=False)
+                output[o1] = 5.0
+                o1 = (output < 0.5).nonzero(as_tuple=False)
+                output[o1] = 0.5
+                # round a number to the closest half integer
+                output = torch.round(output * 2) / 2
+                loss_predicted += metrics.mean_absolute_error(output, test_y)
+
+                for rating, prediction in zip(test_y.tolist(), output):
+                    # print(rating, prediction)
+                    logging.debug("{} predicted as {}".format(rating, prediction))
+                    if rating == prediction:
+                        correct_pred[self.RATING_DICT[rating]] += 1
+                        total_correct += 1
+                    total_pred[self.RATING_DICT[rating]] += 1
+                    total_predicted += 1
+
+        logging.debug("Predicted on the test set")
+        for key, value in enumerate(correct_pred):
+            if total_pred[key] != 0:
+                accuracy = 100 * float(value) / total_pred[key]
+            else:
+                accuracy = 100.0
+            logging.debug("Accuracy for class {} is: {:.1f} %".format(key, accuracy))
+
+        accuracy = 100 * float(total_correct) / total_predicted
+        loss_val = math.sqrt(loss_val / count)
+        loss_predicted = loss_predicted / count
+        logging.info(
+            "MSE loss: {:.8f} | Rounded MAE loss: {:.8f}".format(
+                loss_val, loss_predicted
+            )
+        )
+        logging.info("Overall accuracy is: {:.1f} %".format(accuracy))
+        return accuracy, loss_val
+
+
+# todo: this class should be in 'models' package; add support for reading it from there and move it
+class MatrixFactorization(Model):
+    """
+    Class for a Matrix Factorization model for MovieLens.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, n_users=610, n_items=9724, n_factors=20):
+        """
+        Instantiates the Matrix Factorization model with user and item embeddings.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        n_users
+            The number of unique users.
+        n_items
+            The number of unique items.
+        n_factors
+            The number of columns in embeddings matrix.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        self.user_factors = torch.nn.Embedding(n_users, n_factors)
+        self.item_factors = torch.nn.Embedding(n_items, n_factors)
+        self.user_factors.weight.data.uniform_(-0.05, 0.05)
+        self.item_factors.weight.data.uniform_(-0.05, 0.05)
+
+    def forward(self, data):
+        """
+        Forward pass of the model, it does matrix multiplication and returns predictions for given users and items.
+        """
+        users = torch.LongTensor(data[:, 0]) - 1
+        items = torch.LongTensor(data[:, 1]) - 1
+        u, it = self.user_factors(users), self.item_factors(items)
+        x = (u * it).sum(dim=1, keepdim=True)
+        return x.squeeze(1)
+
+
+def download_movie_lens(dest_path):
+    """
+    Downloads the movielens latest small dataset.
+    This data set consists of:
+        * 100836 ratings from 610 users on 9742 movies.
+        * Each user has rated at least 20 movies.
+
+    https://files.grouplens.org/datasets/movielens/ml-latest-small-README.html
+    """
+    url = "http://files.grouplens.org/datasets/movielens/ml-latest-small.zip"
+    req = requests.get(url, stream=True)
+
+    print("Downloading MovieLens Latest Small data...")
+    with open(os.path.join(dest_path, "ml-latest-small.zip"), "wb") as fd:
+        for chunk in req.iter_content(chunk_size=None):
+            fd.write(chunk)
+    with zipfile.ZipFile(os.path.join(dest_path, "ml-latest-small.zip"), "r") as z:
+        z.extractall(dest_path)
+    print("Downloaded MovieLens Latest Small dataset at", dest_path)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    path = "/mnt/nfs/shared/leaf/data/movielens"
+    zip_file = os.path.join(path, "ml-latest-small.zip")
+    if not os.path.isfile(zip_file):
+        download_movie_lens(path)

src/decentralizepy/datasets/Shakespeare.py

+import json
+import logging
+import os
+from collections import defaultdict
+
+import numpy as np
+import torch
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+from torch import nn
+from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
+
+from decentralizepy.datasets.Data import Data
+from decentralizepy.datasets.Dataset import Dataset
+from decentralizepy.datasets.Partitioner import DataPartitioner
+from decentralizepy.mappings.Mapping import Mapping
+from decentralizepy.models.Model import Model
+
+VOCAB = list(
+    "dhlptx@DHLPTX $(,048cgkoswCGKOSW[_#'/37;?bfjnrvzBFJNRVZ\"&*.26:\naeimquyAEIMQUY]!%)-159\r{{}}<>"
+)
+VOCAB_LEN = len(VOCAB)
+# Creating a mapping from unique characters to indices
+char2idx = {u: i for i, u in enumerate(VOCAB)}
+idx2char = np.array(VOCAB)
+
+EMBEDDING_DIM = 8
+HIDDEN_DIM = 256
+NUM_CLASSES = VOCAB_LEN
+NUM_LAYERS = 2
+SEQ_LENGTH = 80
+
+
+class Shakespeare(Dataset):
+    """
+    Class for the Shakespeare dataset
+    --  Based on https://gitlab.epfl.ch/sacs/efficient-federated-learning/-/blob/master/grad_guessing/data_utils.py
+    """
+
+    def __read_file__(self, file_path):
+        """
+        Read data from the given json file
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        file_path : str
+            The file path
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        tuple
+            (users, num_samples, data)
+
+        """
+        with open(file_path, "r") as inf:
+            client_data = json.load(inf)
+        return (
+            client_data["users"],
+            client_data["num_samples"],
+            client_data["user_data"],
+        )
+
+    def __read_dir__(self, data_dir):
+        """
+        Function to read all the Reddit data files in the directory
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        data_dir : str
+            Path to the folder containing the data files
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        3-tuple
+            A tuple containing list of users, number of samples per client,
+            and the data items per client
+
+        """
+        users = []
+        num_samples = []
+        data = defaultdict(lambda: None)
+
+        files = os.listdir(data_dir)
+        files = [f for f in files if f.endswith(".json")]
+        for f in files:
+            file_path = os.path.join(data_dir, f)
+            u, n, d = self.__read_file__(file_path)
+            users.extend(u)
+            num_samples.extend(n)
+            data.update(d)
+        return users, num_samples, data
+
+    def file_per_user(self, dir, write_dir):
+        """
+        Function to read all the Reddit data files and write one file per user
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        dir : str
+            Path to the folder containing the data files
+        write_dir : str
+            Path to the folder to write the files
+
+        """
+        clients, num_samples, train_data = self.__read_dir__(dir)
+        for index, client in enumerate(clients):
+            my_data = dict()
+            my_data["users"] = [client]
+            my_data["num_samples"] = num_samples[index]
+            my_samples = {"x": train_data[client]["x"], "y": train_data[client]["y"]}
+            my_data["user_data"] = {client: my_samples}
+            with open(os.path.join(write_dir, client + ".json"), "w") as of:
+                json.dump(my_data, of)
+                print("Created File: ", client + ".json")
+
+    def load_trainset(self):
+        """
+        Loads the training set. Partitions it if needed.
+
+        """
+        logging.info("Loading training set.")
+        files = os.listdir(self.train_dir)
+        files = [f for f in files if f.endswith(".json")]
+        files.sort()
+        c_len = len(files)
+
+        # clients, num_samples, train_data = self.__read_dir__(self.train_dir)
+
+        if self.sizes == None:  # Equal distribution of data among processes
+            e = c_len // self.n_procs
+            frac = e / c_len
+            self.sizes = [frac] * self.n_procs
+            self.sizes[-1] += 1.0 - frac * self.n_procs
+            logging.debug("Size fractions: {}".format(self.sizes))
+
+        self.uid = self.mapping.get_uid(self.rank, self.machine_id)
+        my_clients = DataPartitioner(files, self.sizes).use(self.uid)
+        my_train_data = {"x": [], "y": []}
+        self.clients = []
+        self.num_samples = []
+        logging.debug("Clients Length: %d", c_len)
+        logging.debug("My_clients_len: %d", my_clients.__len__())
+        for i in range(my_clients.__len__()):
+            cur_file = my_clients.__getitem__(i)
+
+            clients, _, train_data = self.__read_file__(
+                os.path.join(self.train_dir, cur_file)
+            )
+            for cur_client in clients:
+                self.clients.append(cur_client)
+                my_train_data["x"].extend(self.process(train_data[cur_client]["x"]))
+                my_train_data["y"].extend(self.process(train_data[cur_client]["y"]))
+                self.num_samples.append(len(train_data[cur_client]["y"]))
+        # turns the list of lists into a single list
+        self.train_y = np.array(my_train_data["y"], dtype=np.dtype("int64")).reshape(-1)
+        self.train_x = np.array(
+            my_train_data["x"], dtype=np.dtype("int64")
+        )  # .reshape(-1)
+        logging.info("train_x.shape: %s", str(self.train_x.shape))
+        logging.info("train_y.shape: %s", str(self.train_y.shape))
+        assert self.train_x.shape[0] == self.train_y.shape[0]
+        assert self.train_x.shape[0] > 0
+
+    def load_testset(self):
+        """
+        Loads the testing set.
+
+        """
+        logging.info("Loading testing set.")
+        _, _, d = self.__read_dir__(self.test_dir)
+        test_x = []
+        test_y = []
+        for test_data in d.values():
+            test_x.extend(self.process(test_data["x"]))
+            test_y.extend(self.process(test_data["y"]))
+        self.test_y = np.array(test_y, dtype=np.dtype("int64")).reshape(-1)
+        self.test_x = np.array(test_x, dtype=np.dtype("int64"))
+        logging.info("test_x.shape: %s", str(self.test_x.shape))
+        logging.info("test_y.shape: %s", str(self.test_y.shape))
+        assert self.test_x.shape[0] == self.test_y.shape[0]
+        assert self.test_x.shape[0] > 0
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        rank: int,
+        machine_id: int,
+        mapping: Mapping,
+        n_procs="",
+        train_dir="",
+        test_dir="",
+        sizes="",
+        test_batch_size=1024,
+    ):
+        """
+        Constructor which reads the data files, instantiates and partitions the dataset
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        rank : int
+            Rank of the current process (to get the partition).
+        machine_id : int
+            Machine ID
+        mapping : decentralizepy.mappings.Mapping
+            Mapping to convert rank, machine_id -> uid for data partitioning
+            It also provides the total number of global processes
+        train_dir : str, optional
+            Path to the training data files. Required to instantiate the training set
+            The training set is partitioned according to the number of global processes and sizes
+        test_dir : str, optional
+            Path to the testing data files Required to instantiate the testing set
+        sizes : list(int), optional
+            A list of fractions specifying how much data to alot each process. Sum of fractions should be 1.0
+            By default, each process gets an equal amount.
+        test_batch_size : int, optional
+            Batch size during testing. Default value is 64
+
+        """
+        super().__init__(
+            rank,
+            machine_id,
+            mapping,
+            train_dir,
+            test_dir,
+            sizes,
+            test_batch_size,
+        )
+        if self.__training__:
+            self.load_trainset()
+
+        if self.__testing__:
+            self.load_testset()
+
+    def process(self, x):
+        output = list(
+            map(lambda sentences: list(map(lambda c: char2idx[c], list(sentences))), x)
+        )
+        return output
+
+    def get_client_ids(self):
+        """
+        Function to retrieve all the clients of the current process
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        list(str)
+            A list of strings of the client ids.
+
+        """
+        return self.clients
+
+    def get_client_id(self, i):
+        """
+        Function to get the client id of the ith sample
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        i : int
+            Index of the sample
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        str
+            Client ID
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        IndexError
+            If the sample index is out of bounds
+
+        """
+        lb = 0
+        for j in range(len(self.clients)):
+            if i < lb + self.num_samples[j]:
+                return self.clients[j]
+
+        raise IndexError("i is out of bounds!")
+
+    def get_trainset(self, batch_size=1, shuffle=False):
+        """
+        Function to get the training set
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        batch_size : int, optional
+            Batch size for learning
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        torch.utils.Dataset(decentralizepy.datasets.Data)
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        RuntimeError
+            If the training set was not initialized
+
+        """
+        if self.__training__:
+            return DataLoader(
+                Data(self.train_x, self.train_y), batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=shuffle
+            )
+        raise RuntimeError("Training set not initialized!")
+
+    def get_testset(self):
+        """
+        Function to get the test set
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        torch.utils.Dataset(decentralizepy.datasets.Data)
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        RuntimeError
+            If the test set was not initialized
+
+        """
+        if self.__testing__:
+            thirstiest = torch.arange(0, self.test_x.shape[0], 30)
+            return DataLoader(
+                Data(self.test_x[thirstiest], self.test_y[thirstiest]),
+                batch_size=self.test_batch_size,
+            )
+        raise RuntimeError("Test set not initialized!")
+
+    def test(self, model, loss):
+        """
+        Function to evaluate model on the test dataset.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        model : decentralizepy.models.Model
+            Model to evaluate
+        loss : torch.nn.loss
+            Loss function to evaluate
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        tuple
+            (accuracy, loss_value)
+
+        """
+        testloader = self.get_testset()
+
+        logging.debug("Test Loader instantiated.")
+
+        correct_pred = [0 for _ in range(NUM_CLASSES)]
+        total_pred = [0 for _ in range(NUM_CLASSES)]
+
+        total_correct = 0
+        total_predicted = 0
+
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            loss_val = 0.0
+            count = 0
+            for elems, labels in testloader:
+                outputs = model(elems)
+                loss_val += loss(outputs, labels).item()
+                count += 1
+                _, predictions = torch.max(outputs, 1)
+                for label, prediction in zip(labels, predictions):
+                    logging.debug("{} predicted as {}".format(label, prediction))
+                    if label == prediction:
+                        correct_pred[label] += 1
+                        total_correct += 1
+                    total_pred[label] += 1
+                    total_predicted += 1
+
+        logging.debug("Predicted on the test set")
+
+        for key, value in enumerate(correct_pred):
+            if total_pred[key] != 0:
+                accuracy = 100 * float(value) / total_pred[key]
+            else:
+                accuracy = 100.0
+            logging.debug("Accuracy for class {} is: {:.1f} %".format(key, accuracy))
+
+        accuracy = 100 * float(total_correct) / total_predicted
+        loss_val = loss_val / count
+        logging.info("Overall accuracy is: {:.1f} %".format(accuracy))
+        return accuracy, loss_val
+
+
+class LSTM(Model):
+    """
+    Class for a RNN Model for Sent140
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Constructor. Instantiates the RNN Model to predict the next word of a sequence of word.
+        Based on the TensorFlow model found here: https://gitlab.epfl.ch/sacs/efficient-federated-learning/-/blob/master/grad_guessing/data_utils.py
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+
+        # input_length does not exist
+        self.embedding = nn.Embedding(VOCAB_LEN, EMBEDDING_DIM)
+        self.lstm = nn.LSTM(
+            EMBEDDING_DIM, HIDDEN_DIM, batch_first=True, num_layers=NUM_LAYERS
+        )
+        # activation function is added in the forward pass
+        # Note: the tensorflow implementation did not use any activation function in this step?
+        # should I use one.
+        self.l1 = nn.Linear(HIDDEN_DIM * SEQ_LENGTH, VOCAB_LEN)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """
+        Forward pass of the model
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        x : torch.tensor
+            The input torch tensor
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        torch.tensor
+            The output torch tensor
+
+        """
+        # logging.info("Initial Shape: {}".format(x.shape))
+        x = self.embedding(x)
+        # logging.info("Embedding Shape: {}".format(x.shape))
+        x, _ = self.lstm(x)
+        # logging.info("LSTM Shape: {}".format(x.shape))
+        x = F.relu(x.reshape((-1, HIDDEN_DIM * SEQ_LENGTH)))
+        # logging.info("View Shape: {}".format(x.shape))
+        x = self.l1(x)
+        # logging.info("Output Shape: {}".format(x.shape))
+        return x

src/decentralizepy/graphs/Graph.py

+import networkx as nx
+import numpy as np
+
+
 class Graph:
     """
     This class defines the graph topology.
@@ -18,6 +22,9 @@ class Graph:
             self.n_procs = n_procs
             self.adj_list = [set() for i in range(self.n_procs)]
 
+    def get_all_nodes(self):
+        return [i for i in range(self.n_procs)]
+
     def __insert_adj__(self, node, neighbours):
         """
         Inserts `neighbours` into the adjacency list of `node`
@@ -144,3 +151,20 @@ class Graph:
 
         """
         return self.adj_list[uid]
+
+    def centr(self):
+        my_adj = {x: list(adj) for x, adj in enumerate(self.adj_list)}
+        nxGraph = nx.Graph(my_adj)
+        a = nx.to_numpy_matrix(nxGraph)
+        self.averaging_weights = np.ones((self.n_procs, self.n_procs), dtype=float)
+        centrality = nx.betweenness_centrality(nxGraph)
+        for i in range(len(centrality)):
+            centrality[i] += 0.01
+        for i in range(self.averaging_weights.shape[0]):
+            s = 0
+            for j in range(self.averaging_weights.shape[0]):
+                self.averaging_weights[i, j] = 1.0 / centrality[j]
+                s += self.averaging_weights[i, j]
+            for j in range(self.averaging_weights.shape[0]):
+                self.averaging_weights[i, j] = self.averaging_weights[i, j] / s
+        return self.averaging_weights

src/decentralizepy/graphs/Star.py

+import networkx as nx
+
+from decentralizepy.graphs.Graph import Graph
+
+
+class Star(Graph):
+    """
+    The class for generating a Star topology
+    Adapted from ./Regular.py
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, n_procs):
+        """
+        Constructor. Generates a Ring graph
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        n_procs : int
+            total number of nodes in the graph
+
+        """
+        super().__init__(n_procs)
+        G = nx.star_graph(n_procs - 1)
+        adj = G.adjacency()
+        for i, l in adj:
+            self.adj_list[i] = set()  # new set
+            for k in l:
+                self.adj_list[i].add(k)
+        if not nx.is_connected(G):
+            self.connect_graph()

src/decentralizepy/mappings/Linear.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ class Linear(Mapping):
 
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, n_machines, procs_per_machine):
+    def __init__(self, n_machines, procs_per_machine, global_service_machine=0):
         """
         Constructor
 
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ class Linear(Mapping):
         super().__init__(n_machines * procs_per_machine)
         self.n_machines = n_machines
         self.procs_per_machine = procs_per_machine
+        self.global_service_machine = global_service_machine
 
     def get_uid(self, rank: int, machine_id: int):
         """
@@ -41,6 +42,8 @@ class Linear(Mapping):
             the unique identifier
 
         """
+        if rank < 0:
+            return rank
         return machine_id * self.procs_per_machine + rank
 
     def get_machine_and_rank(self, uid: int):
@@ -58,6 +61,8 @@ class Linear(Mapping):
             a tuple of rank and machine_id
 
         """
+        if uid < 0:
+            return uid, self.global_service_machine
         return (uid % self.procs_per_machine), (uid // self.procs_per_machine)
 
     def get_local_procs_count(self):

src/decentralizepy/models/Model.py

+import pickle
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import torch
 from torch import nn
 
 
@@ -58,3 +62,39 @@ class Model(nn.Module):
         """
         if self.accumulated_changes is not None:
             self.accumulated_changes[indices] = 0.0
+
+    def dump_weights(self, directory, uid, round):
+        """
+        dumps the current model as a pickle file into the specified direcectory
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        directory : str
+            directory in which the weights are dumped
+        uid : int
+            uid of the node, will be used to give the weight a unique name
+        round : int
+            current round, will be used to give the weight a unique name
+
+        """
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            tensors_to_cat = []
+            for _, v in self.state_dict().items():
+                tensors_to_cat.append(v.flatten())
+            flat = torch.cat(tensors_to_cat)
+
+        with open(Path(directory) / f"{round}_weight_{uid}.pk", "wb") as f:
+            pickle.dump(flat, f)
+
+    def get_weights(self):
+        """
+        flattens the current weights
+
+        """
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            tensors_to_cat = []
+            for _, v in self.state_dict().items():
+                tensors_to_cat.append(v.flatten())
+            flat = torch.cat(tensors_to_cat)
+
+        return flat

src/decentralizepy/models/Resnet.py

+"""
+    Copyright (c) 2016-     Facebook, Inc            (Adam Paszke)
+    Copyright (c) 2014-     Facebook, Inc            (Soumith Chintala)
+    Copyright (c) 2011-2014 Idiap Research Institute (Ronan Collobert)
+    Copyright (c) 2012-2014 Deepmind Technologies    (Koray Kavukcuoglu)
+    Copyright (c) 2011-2012 NEC Laboratories America (Koray Kavukcuoglu)
+    Copyright (c) 2011-2013 NYU                      (Clement Farabet)
+    Copyright (c) 2006-2010 NEC Laboratories America (Ronan Collobert, Leon Bottou, Iain Melvin, Jason Weston)
+    Copyright (c) 2006      Idiap Research Institute (Samy Bengio)
+    Copyright (c) 2001-2004 Idiap Research Institute (Ronan Collobert, Samy Bengio, Johnny Mariethoz)
+
+    From Caffe2:
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016-present, Facebook Inc. All rights reserved.
+
+    All contributions by Facebook:
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Facebook Inc.
+
+    All contributions by Google:
+    Copyright (c) 2015 Google Inc.
+    All rights reserved.
+
+    All contributions by Yangqing Jia:
+    Copyright (c) 2015 Yangqing Jia
+    All rights reserved.
+
+    All contributions by Kakao Brain:
+    Copyright 2019-2020 Kakao Brain
+
+    All contributions from Caffe:
+    Copyright(c) 2013, 2014, 2015, the respective contributors
+    All rights reserved.
+
+    All other contributions:
+    Copyright(c) 2015, 2016 the respective contributors
+    All rights reserved.
+
+    Caffe2 uses a copyright model similar to Caffe: each contributor holds
+    copyright over their contributions to Caffe2. The project versioning records
+    all such contribution and copyright details. If a contributor wants to further
+    mark their specific copyright on a particular contribution, they should
+    indicate their copyright solely in the commit message of the change when it is
+    committed.
+
+    All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+    3. Neither the names of Facebook, Deepmind Technologies, NYU, NEC Laboratories America
+       and IDIAP Research Institute nor the names of its contributors may be
+       used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+       specific prior written permission.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+    AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+    ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+    LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+    CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+    SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+    INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+    CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+    ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+    POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+"""
+from torch import nn
+
+# Copied and modified from https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/75024e228ca441290b6a1c2e564300ad507d7af6/benchmarks/functional_autograd_benchmark/torchvision_models.py
+
+
+def conv3x3(in_planes, out_planes, stride=1, groups=1, dilation=1):
+    """3x3 convolution with padding"""
+    return nn.Conv2d(
+        in_planes,
+        out_planes,
+        kernel_size=3,
+        stride=stride,
+        padding=dilation,
+        groups=groups,
+        bias=False,
+        dilation=dilation,
+    )
+
+
+def conv1x1(in_planes, out_planes, stride=1):
+    """1x1 convolution"""
+    return nn.Conv2d(in_planes, out_planes, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False)
+
+
+class BasicBlock(nn.Module):
+    expansion = 1
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        inplanes,
+        planes,
+        stride=1,
+        downsample=None,
+        groups=1,
+        base_width=64,
+        dilation=1,
+        norm_layer=None,
+    ):
+        super(BasicBlock, self).__init__()
+        if norm_layer is None:
+            norm_layer = nn.BatchNorm2d
+        if dilation > 1:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Dilation > 1 not supported in BasicBlock")
+        # Both self.conv1 and self.downsample layers downsample the input when stride != 1
+        self.conv1 = conv3x3(inplanes, planes, stride)
+        self.bn1 = norm_layer(planes)
+        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
+        self.conv2 = conv3x3(planes, planes)
+        self.bn2 = norm_layer(planes)
+        self.downsample = downsample
+        self.stride = stride
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        identity = x
+
+        out = self.conv1(x)
+        out = self.bn1(out)
+        out = self.relu(out)
+
+        out = self.conv2(out)
+        out = self.bn2(out)
+
+        if self.downsample is not None:
+            identity = self.downsample(x)
+
+        out += identity
+        out = self.relu(out)
+
+        return out
+
+
+class Bottleneck(nn.Module):
+    # Bottleneck in torchvision places the stride for downsampling at 3x3 convolution(self.conv2)
+    # while original implementation places the stride at the first 1x1 convolution(self.conv1)
+    # according to "Deep residual learning for image recognition"https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.03385.
+    # This variant is also known as ResNet V1.5 and improves accuracy according to
+    # https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/model-scripts/nvidia:resnet_50_v1_5_for_pytorch.
+
+    expansion = 4
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        inplanes,
+        planes,
+        stride=1,
+        downsample=None,
+        groups=1,
+        base_width=64,
+        dilation=1,
+        norm_layer=None,
+    ):
+        super(Bottleneck, self).__init__()
+        if norm_layer is None:
+            norm_layer = nn.BatchNorm2d
+        width = int(planes * (base_width / 64.0)) * groups
+        # Both self.conv2 and self.downsample layers downsample the input when stride != 1
+        self.conv1 = conv1x1(inplanes, width)
+        self.bn1 = norm_layer(width)
+        self.conv2 = conv3x3(width, width, stride, groups, dilation)
+        self.bn2 = norm_layer(width)
+        self.conv3 = conv1x1(width, planes * self.expansion)
+        self.bn3 = norm_layer(planes * self.expansion)
+        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
+        self.downsample = downsample
+        self.stride = stride
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        identity = x
+
+        out = self.conv1(x)
+        out = self.bn1(out)
+        out = self.relu(out)
+
+        out = self.conv2(out)
+        out = self.bn2(out)
+        out = self.relu(out)
+
+        out = self.conv3(out)
+        out = self.bn3(out)
+
+        if self.downsample is not None:
+            identity = self.downsample(x)
+
+        out += identity
+        out = self.relu(out)
+
+        return out